Sowerbyella rhenana

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Ecology: Probably mycorrhizal (Tedersoo et al. 2010), growing gregariously or in loose clusters on the ground, usually in conifer woods; summer and fall, or over winter on the West Coast; apparently widely distributed in North America but more common in the west. The illustrated and described collections are from California and Michigan.

Fruiting Body: Cup-shaped, with a stem. Cups 18-25 mm across; upper surface bald, bright orange; under surface bald, pale orange; stem 10-25 x 3-5 mm, whitish to pale orange and downy when young, becoming orange and more or less bald; flesh orangish, not changing when sliced, brittle.

Odor: Not distinctive.

Microscopic Features: Spores 18-22 x 10-12 m; ellipsoid; smooth when immature, becoming ornamented with a thick, coarse reticulation; hyaline and uniguttulate in KOH; orangish golden in Melzer's. Asci 275-300 x 15-20 m; 8-spored; hyaline in KOH; tips inamyloid. Paraphyses exceeding the asci by 5-10 m; 3-6 m wide; cylindric with apices subclavate to clavate (occasionally with slightly irregular swellings), straight or hooked 45-90 degrees; septate; smooth; hyaline in KOH.

REFERENCES: (Fuckel, 1870) J. Moravec, 1986. (Seaver, 1928; Moravec, 1985; Arora, 1986; Moravec, 1988; Barron, 1999; McNeil, 2006; Medel et al., 2006; Yao & Spooner, 2006; Perry et al., 2007; Trudell & Ammirati, 2009; Tedersoo et al., 2010; Desjardin, Wood & Stevens, 2015; Siegel & Schwarz, 2016; Læssøe & Petersen, 2019.) Herb. Kuo 09281904.

Trametes gibbosa

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Ecology: Saprobic on the deadwood of hardwoods; annual; causing a white rot of the sapwood; growing alone or gregariously on logs and stumps; spring through fall; originally described from Europe (Persoon 1795); widely distributed in Eurasia; in North America distributed from the Great Plains eastward, and in the Pacific Northwest. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois, Michigan, North Carolina, and Ohio.

Cap: 4-20 cm across; 2.5-9 cm deep; 1.5-5 cm thick; semicircular or kidney-shaped; convex to planoconvex; dry; vaguely or distinctly zoned with tomentose and bald zones; whitish to grayish or brownish (sometimes green in places due to algae); lumpy; the margin often yellowish to brownish or brown when fresh.

Pore Surface: White to pale brownish; usually featuring slot-like pores (1-2 per mm) with thick pore walls, but occasionally with maze-like pores; tubes 2-15 mm deep; bruising yellow to pinkish or brownish—or not bruising.

Stem: Absent, or present as a prominent bump at the point of attachment to the substrate or, less often, as a stubby lateral structure with a surface like that of the cap.

Flesh: White; very tough and leathery; not changing when sliced.

Odor and Taste: Odor usually strong and fragrant when fresh, but sometimes not distinctive; taste slightly bitter, or not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH yellow to orange on flesh.

Spore Print: Whitish to faintly yellowish.

Microscopic Features: Spores 4-5 x 1.5-2.5 m; cylindric to long-ellipsoid; smooth; hyaline in KOH; inamyloid. Cystidia not found. Setae not found. Hyphal system trimitic: generative hyphae 2.5-5 m wide, thin-walled, with clamp connections; skeletal hyphae 5-7.5 m wide, thick-walled, aseptate; binding hyphae 2.5-5 m wide, thick-walled, aseptate, branching frequently.

Hygrocybe glutinipes

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Ecology: Precise ecological role uncertain (see Lodge and collaborators, 2013); appearing in woods, often on mossy ridgetops; growing scattered or gregariously; spring; North American distribution uncertain. The illustrated and described collections are from Illinois.

Cap: 5-30 mm across; convex, bell shaped, or nearly hemispheric, becoming broadly convex, broadly bell shaped, or nearly flat; slimy; bald; bright orange to bright reddish orange, fading to paler orange; the margin sometimes faintly lined.

Gills: Narrowly to broadly attached to the stem; close or nearly distant; orange or pale pastel orange; short-gills frequent.

Stem: 20-40 mm long; 2-6 mm thick; equal; slimy; bald; colored like the cap, or paler.

Flesh: Colored like the cap, or paler; thin.

Odor and Taste: Not distinctive.

Chemical Reactions: KOH on cap erasing orange pigment.

Spore Print: White.

Microscopic Features: Spores 6-9 x 3.5-5 ; smooth; ellipsoid; hyaline and uniguttulate in KOH; inamyloid. Basidia to 45 long; 4-sterigmate. Hymenial cystidia absent. Gill tissue parallel. Pileipellis an ixotrichoderm of elements 2-4 wide.