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Women From History BOT~ Christianity & gender, part IV ~ Our information about gender roles in antiquity is very one-sided because almost everything we know was written by upper-class, educated men. Greek mythology included many strong women, the goddesses who wielded power without a male consort, like Athena and Demeter. But we also have the story that Zeus created the first woman, Pandora, as a punishment for men. Women were consistently charged with using their sexuality to seduce men. Escaping these 'wiles of women' was a constant theme in the schools of Greek philosophy; women were blamed for men losing control of their sexual urges. Paul, a Pharisee, became a believer after he experienced a vision of Jesus who told him to become the Apostle to the Gentiles. When the missionaries took the message of Jesus they encountered Gentiles who were interested. There was a meeting in Jerusalem c. 49 CE where a decision was taken that these new people did not have to convert to Judaism. However, they could not eat meat with the blood in it, had to follow Jewish incest laws, and above all, must cease their idolatry. For Paul the Apostle and his generation, this was to be the last of the old order. Jesus would return from heaven and then all the elements of God's kingdom on earth would be manifest. In the interim, they were to live as if the kingdom were already here. Paul claimed that when the kingdom arrived, all social conventions and ethnic identity would no longer exist. While awaiting the kingdom, they were to remain as they were when called by Christ. The most fundamental Christian change was the cessation of all worship of the traditional gods. This new teaching would have been shocking to most (along with his views on women). It is most likely why some of Paul's letters are written from prison. Apparently, such teachings resulted in civil disorder. Painting : Eve, by Pantaleon Szyndler <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/art?src=hash" title="#art" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#art</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/arthistory?src=hash" title="#arthistory" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#arthistory</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/painting?src=hash" title="#painting" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#painting</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/history?src=hash" title="#history" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#history</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/womenshistory?src=hash" title="#womenshistory" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#womenshistory</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/womenfromhistory?src=hash" title="#womenfromhistory" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#womenfromhistory</a>

Women From History BOT~ Women in Sparta, part II ~ Although Athens is frequently referenced as the “birthplace of democracy”, Athenian women had no voice in politics or their husband’s business whereas Spartan women participated freely in almost every aspect of their city-state’s political and social life. Women in Athens were relegated to the background except for their participation in certain religious festivals and rituals. An Athenian girl was raised to learn how to weave from her mother and care for children and the home. Through liaisons with men other than their husbands, Spartan women could also acquire control of more than one home and surrounding lands, and many became wealthy landowners. There were a significant number of widows in Sparta who had lost husbands and sons in the wars but never had to worry about survival because they owned the land and knew how to make it profitable. Although some Athenian women are mentioned as merchants, potters, or pursuing other careers, they were routinely secluded from men (possibly even in the home) and had no legal recourse in the courts, limited economic power, and no political voice. A female Spartan had all of these rights and were brought up from childhood with the understanding they had as much to contribute to the state as men. Painting : Spartan Women defending themselves against the Messenians, by Jean Francois Jacques Le Barbier <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/sparta?src=hash" title="#sparta" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sparta</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/antiquity?src=hash" title="#antiquity" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#antiquity</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/greekantiquity?src=hash" title="#greekantiquity" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#greekantiquity</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/archeology?src=hash" title="#archeology" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#archeology</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/history?src=hash" title="#history" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#history</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/art?src=hash" title="#art" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#art</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/arthistory?src=hash" title="#arthistory" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#arthistory</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/painting?src=hash" title="#painting" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#painting</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/womenfromhistory?src=hash" title="#womenfromhistory" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#womenfromhistory</a>

Women From History BOT~ Women in Sparta, part I ~ Spartan women had more rights and enjoyed greater autonomy than women in any other Greek city-state of the Classical Period (5th-4th centuries BCE). Women could inherit property, own land, make business transactions, and were better educated than women in ancient Greece in general. Unlike Athens, where women were considered second-class citizens, Spartan women were said to rule their men. Aristotle, who spent most of his adult life in Athens, criticized the independence and influence of Spartan women in his Politics, claiming that women’s autonomy in Sparta was responsible for its decline. But the equality of the sexes in Sparta actually made the city-state stronger and more efficiently run than others. The laws of Sparta were reformed by the king Lycurgus (l. c. 9th century BCE) and emphasized equality among all citizens. Girls were given the same physical fitness regimen as boys and were educated at the same level at home (while boys would attend a public school). The subjugated class of people known as helots took care of menial labor, allowing a female Spartan to concentrate on what Lycurgus believed their most important role: motherhood. Spartan women were famously proud of their children who were expected to honor the city-state through virtuous behavior. At the same time, women had the responsibility of running the farm or estate, managing finances, and operating businesses as the men were frequently away at war. The purpose of sex within marriage was to create strong, healthy children, but women were allowed to take male lovers to accomplish this same end. Same-sex relationships among men and women were for pleasure and personal fulfillment. These relationships were regarded as natural as long as both parties had consented. Painting : A spartan woman giving a shield to her son, by Jean-Jacques-François Le Barbier <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/sparta?src=hash" title="#sparta" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#sparta</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/antiquity?src=hash" title="#antiquity" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#antiquity</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/greekantiquity?src=hash" title="#greekantiquity" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#greekantiquity</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/archeology?src=hash" title="#archeology" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#archeology</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/history?src=hash" title="#history" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#history</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/art?src=hash" title="#art" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#art</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/arthistory?src=hash" title="#arthistory" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#arthistory</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/painting?src=hash" title="#painting" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#painting</a> <a href="https://pixelfed.social/discover/tags/womenfromhistory?src=hash" title="#womenfromhistory" class="u-url hashtag" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">#womenfromhistory</a>

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